Electrical system of distribution.



W. A. TURBAYNE.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

urmoumn FILED AUG. 25, 1906. nnwnn APR. 9, 1909.

Patented July 5, 1910.

O llll nu l-Ill UNITED "sir-Arias PATENTOFFIGE.

WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE, or LANCASTER, nEw roan, nssrenon To GOULD sToRAeE BATTERY COMPANY, A CORPORATION or NEW YORK.

' ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Oi -DISTRIBUTION.

Application filed August 25, 1906, Serial No. 331,952. Renewed April 9, 1909. Serial No. 488,976.

Toall whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM A. TUR- BAYNE, a citizen of the United States, and

V a resident of Lancaster, in the county of It [is the object of my invention toimprove on the general system of that patent in order to simplify the Same and make it more efiicient and certain infoperation.

1 To these ends my invention includes various improvements in construction, arrangement and connection of the system as will more clearly appear in the course of the following description.

The drawing accompanying this specification' is a diagram illustrating a specific embodiment of my invention in connection with a train lighting system in which a generating plant is shown on one car and two other cars are to be lighted.

A is the main generator of the system and it is illustrated'as a compound wound generator having a series coil A and a shunt coil A This generator may be driven by any suitable prime mover as, for example, by a steam engine suppliedby steam from the boiler of the locomotive.

13 represents the storage batteries in the various cars to be lighted and 0 represents the corresponding work circuits containing the lamps of the car. lVhen the Switches of the system are in the posit-ion shown each battery is feeding its respective -work circuit without assistance from the generator, one terminal of the battery being directly connected to one terminal of the work circuit, and the other terminal of the battery being connected throughthe switch lever L and the contact L to the other terminal of its work circuit.

From one pole of the generator is led a conductor 1 which extends throughout the train. This conductor is connected in each car to the said switch contact L and therefore to one side of the working circuit. From the same terminal of thegenerator a conductor 2 is led which also extends from car to car of the train, this conductor forming one side of the charging circuit. It is connected in each car to the contact L with which the switch lever L' is adapted to engage when it is lifted from engagement with the contact L. Contained in this conductor 2 of the charging circuit is the booster armature D which has one field winding D subjected to the voltage of the charging circuit and one field winding D in series in the work circuit, the windings D and D being opposed to each other, so that as more current is developed in the work circuit the voltage addedto the generator A by the booster armature D will be reduced, thus reducing the voltage of the charging circuit,

and consequently the current in'the charging circuit.

From the other terminal of the generator A there is led a conductor i which extends throughout the train, being connected at the end of the train by a loop M to a conductor 3 to which one terminal of each battery and work circuit is connected.

When the generating apparatus is in use the switch levers L are engaging contacts L and the switch lever K, hereinafter described, is engaging the contact K. Under these circumstances it will be seen that each work circuit is directly connected to the generator across conductors 1 and 3, the return current from the work circuit to the generator passing through the conductors 3 and 4 and thence to the generator. The battery is not connected to the work circuit but is instead connected between conductors 2 and?) and therefore is subjected to the electro-motive force of the charging circuit, being the sum of the electro-motive forces of the generator and the booster D. The return current from the charging circuit must also pass to the conductor 3 around the connector M and back through the return con- Specification of Letters Eatent. Patented July 5, 1910.

. responsive to the voltage of the charging I circuit, each coil E being connected in an inde endent shunt in its car between the con uctor 2 and. the loop conductor 3, 4.

' The coils E are current coils and are connected in series in the conductor 4 in order that they will be in the return portioriof the loop, that is, therportion in which the total generator current .is flowing. This return ortionof the 100 in the present instance includes all of con uctor 4 and that portion of the conductor 3 to the right of the junction point 5.

When thevolta e of the chargin circuit has risen to a pre etermined oint te magnetism developed by the coi s E raises the switch lever L and places the battery on the chargin circuit. The current in each coil E" deve ops magnetism that assists in holding up its switchlever L. Should, however, there be'a reverse. current developed, because of abnormal increase of battery voltage or decrease of generator voltage, the current from the battery tendingto run the generator as a motor would pass through the coils E in the opposite direction returning to the battery by the conductor 3. Under these circumstances the magnetism developed by the coils E would oppose the magnetism developed by the coils E and cause the switch lever L to drop closing each battery on its work circuit; The coils E, being connected in series in the same portion of the circuit of the generator, are al- Wa s subjected to exactly similar conditions an therefore all the batteries on the train will be disconnected from the charging circuit simultaneously if a reverse current develops. I I

The switch K is provided to automatically disconnect the work circuits from the generator-when there in a reverse current. Thus after the switches L have acted as just described to close each battery upon its work circuit, the battery would still tend to send current back through the line 1 to the generator to operate the same as a motor. This is prevented because the switch lever K is actuated by a voltage coil Fconnected across the charging circuit and is also controlled by a current coil F located in the conductor 1, and, therefore, responsive to current changes of the circuit including the generator and work circuits. If current passes through this conductor 1 in the reverse direction, namely, from the battery to the generator, then the magnetic fluxes produced by the coils F and F are opposed and switch lever K'opens. In order to rotate the booster I have provided an electric motor whose armature is represented at G. This motor has a shunt field winding G and a cumulative series field winding G This series field winding enables the operator to start up the whole system smoothly without shock by merely turning steam into the engine driving the main generator,'as the starting current in the series field of the motor checks the acceleration of the motor and the passage of excessive current therethrough. Moreover,

this series field winding has another valu-' able function. 'When the volta e of the battery is unusually low, thus ten ing to cause a heavy charging current, the load upon the" the switches L are raised the motor G will.

be operated partly or wholly from the battery. This will often be the case upon starting the a paratus before the booster has developed its full voltage. Under these cir cumstances the current from the battery would flow back through conductor 2 through the booster and then through conductorl to the motor. It is desirable that such a current shall not act in the same way as reverse current flowing to the generator to cause the switch levers L to drop. On the contrary, it is desirable that while this condition is present the switches L shall be in their upper position. In order to accomplish this result Ihave connected the return side of the motor .G to the outgoing conductor 3 of the loop instead of connecting the motor to the conductor 4, or directly to the return side of the armature A. Except for this it would not be necessary to extend the conductor 3 into the car containing the generating apparatus. With the connections as shown, therefore, any current from the batteries, or either of them, to the motor, to operate the motor, would in passing from the motor pass directly fromthe'conductor 3 to the battery, completing the circuit without passing through the coils E.

It will be understood that the various coils to which I have referred for operating the switches may be electro-responsive deceases I vices of any kind adapted to be affected by I the changing conditions of a circuit and thereby to operate a switch lever, and that in using the term coils in the claims I have such a meaning in mind,

It will also be understood that the various details shown and described may be largely modified without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

I have shown a d namo asthe booster and I prefer to use a cl ynamo for this purpose but I do not intend to limit" myself to any special kind of boosting apparatus.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is l. The combination of a generator, a plurality of batteries, a plurality of work circuits, a common charging circuit from the generator to the various batteries, a switch for each battery arranged to connect said battery either to a work circuit or to the charging circuit, and coils control ing each of said switches, one coil for each switch being a voltage coil and another coil'for each switch being a current coil, the current coils being in series in the same circuit.

2. The combination of a generator, a plurality of'batteries, a plurality of work circuits, a common charging circuit from the generator to the various batteries, a switch for each battery arranged to connect said battery either to a work circuit or to the charging circuit, and coils controlling each of said switches, one coil for each switch being a voltage coil and another coil for each switch being a current coil, the current coils being in series in the charging circuit.

3. The combination of a generator, a plurality of batteries, a plurality of work circuits, a common charging circuit from the generator to the various batteries, a switch for each battery arranged to connect said battery either to a work circuit or to the charging circuit, a circuit independent of said switches and containing the generator and the various work circuits and coils automatically acting upon the various switches connected in series in the main common to said independent circuit and said charging circuit.

4. The combination of a generator, a plurality of batteries, a plurality of work circuits, a common charging circuit tronrthe generator to the various batteries, a switch for each battery arranged to connect said battery either to a work circuit or to the charging circuit, a circuit independent of said switches and containing the generator and the various work circuits, and two coils governing each of said switches, one coil of each switch being connected across the charging circuit and the other coils being connected in series in the main common to generator and to the batteries and work circuits and to the motor, the motor being connected to the opposite end of said conductor from that to which the generator is connected, a switch arranged to connect each battery either with a work circuit terminal or with said second conductor, and coils affecting the action of said switches connected in series in said third conductor between its connection to the generator and its connection to the batteries.

6. The combination of a generator, a booster, a motor for operating the booster, a battery, a work circuit, a conductor from one pole of 'the generator connected to the work circuit,'a second conductor from the same pole of the generator containing the booster, a third conductor connected to the other pole of the generator and to the battery and work circuit and the battery and work circuit connections being between the generator and motor connections to said conductor to the motor, a switch arranged to connect the battery either with the work circuit or with the second conductor and a coil affecting the action of said switch and connected in the third conductor between its connections to the generator and its connections to the battery.

7. In an electrical distribution system, a generating and regulating plant comprising a generator, a booster, and a motor driving the same, batteries and work circuits on different cars of the train, four conductors extending from the generating plant to said cars, one connecting a terminal of the generator directly with the various work circuits, the second extending from the same terminal of the generator to the booster and then to a terminal in each car, the third connecting the motor and the work circuits, the fourth connecting the other terminal of the generator with the outer end of the third conductor, and a switch on each car arranged to connect the battery either with the work circuit or with the terminal of the second conductor. I

8. In an electrical distribution system, a generating and regulating plant comprising a generator, a booster and a motor driving the same, batteries and work circuits on different cars of the train, four conductors extending from the generating plant to said cars, one connecting a terminal of the generator directly with the various work cir-.

cuits the second extending from the same terminal ofthe generator to the booster and then to a terminal in each car, the third connecting the motor and the work circuits, the

- fourth connecting the other terminal of the generator with the outer end of the third conductor, a switch on each car arranged to connect the battery either with the work circuit or with the terminal of the'second conductor, and coils included in series in the loop formed b' said third and fourth conductors each a ecting the action of one of said switches.

9. In an electrical distribution system, a generating and regulating plant com r s ng a generator, a booster, and a motor r1v1ng the same, batteries and work circuits on different cars of the train, four conductors extending from the generating lant to said cars, one connectin a termina of the generator directly wit the various work cir cuits, the second extending from the same terminal of the generator to the booster and then to a terminal in each car, the third connecting the motor and the work circuits,

the fourth connecting the other terminal of the generator with the outer end of the third conductor, a switch on each car arranged to connect the battery either with the work circuit or with the terminal of the 'second conductor, and two coils for governa motor for driving the booster having series and shunt field windings.

11. The combination of a generator, a battery, a work circuit, a charging circuit a booster therein, an independent circuit from the generator to the work circuit, and a motor for driving the booster having series and shunt field windings and connected to said independent circuit.

12. The combination of a generator, aplurality of batteries and work circuits, a charging circuit, a booster therein, an independent circuit from the generator to the work circuits, and a motor for driving the booster having series and shunt field windings.

13. The combination of a generator, aplurality of batteries and work circuits, a charging circuit, a booster therein, an independent circuit from the generator to the work circuits, and a motor for driving the booster having series and shunt field windings and connected to said independent circuit.

14. The combination of a generator, a

charging circuit and a booster therein, a batter and a work circuit, a switch for connecting the batteryeither to the work circuit or to the charging circuit, means for actuating said switch by current from the battery to the generator, an independent circuit from the generator to the work circuit, a switch in said independent circuit, and means for actuating said last mentioned switch by current fromthe battery to the generator.

15. The combination of a generator, a charging circuit and a booster therein, a battery and a work circuit, a switch for connecting the battery either to the work circuit or to the charging circuit, means for actuating said switch by current from the battery to the generator, an independent circuit from the generator to the work circuit, a switch in said independent circuit, and means arranged to actuate said last mentioned switch after said first mentioned switch has been actuated when energy is transmitted from the,battery to the generator.

16. A generator, a battery, a booster, a motor for actuating the booster, a work circuit, a switch arranged'to connect the battery either to the work circuit or to a circuit including the booster, a conductor connectedin the order named to like poles of the generator, the battery and the motor, and a coil acting upon said switch and connected in said conductor between the battery and generator connections.

17. The combination of a generator, a charging circuit and a booster therein, a battery and a work circuit, a switch for connecting the battery either to the work circuit or to the charging circuit, an independent circuit from the generator to the work circuit, a switch in said independent circuit,-

means for actuating said battery switch by current from the battery to tl'fegenerator in the charging circuit, and means for actuating the switch in the independent circuit by current in that circuit from battery to generator.

18. The combination of a generator, a charging circuit, a plurality of batteries and work circuits, a corresponding plurality of switches each arranged to connect a battery with a work circuit, an independent circuit connecting the work circuits with the generator, a switch therein, means for simultaneously opening the various battery switches by reverse current from the battery, and means for opening the said switch by such reverse current.

19. The combination of a generator, a plurality of batteries, a plurality of work circuits, a common charging circuit, a switch for each battery arranged to connect said battery either to a work circuit or to the charging circuit, coils connected to receive the total battery and work currents and voltage coils automatically acting upon the various switches.

20. The combination of a generator, a charging main, a booster therein, a battery, a work main, a switch for connecting the battery either to the charging main or to the work main, a third main connecting the gene ator to the batteries and a coil directly acting upon said switch and located in the third main and adapted to receive the sum of the battery and work currents, and a coil connected to the charging main and said third main. 1

21. The combination of a generator, a plurality of batteries and work circuits, a charging circuit, a switch for each work circuit and battery, arranged to connect the battery to the charging circuit and operated upon by a voltage coil and a governing coil for each switch, said governing coils being in series with each other. a

22. The combination of a generator, a plurality of batteries, a plurality of work circuits connected to one pole of the generator, a conductor connecting the other pole of the generator with the batteries and worr circuits, a switch for each battery and adapted to automatically connect and disconnect said battery to its work circuit, and coils governing the action of the switches in series in said conductor.

93. The combination of a generator, batteries, work circuits, a switch for connecting each work circuit to its battery, a conductor connecting the various work circuits with the generator, and coils acting upon the various switches, in series in said conductor.

24. In a system of electrical distribution for trains, a generating station on one of the train units, batteries and work circuits on other train units, two conductors leading from the generator to the various train units and adapted to have different potentials, a

-loop return conductor extending through the various train units, switches on the various train units determining the connection of the various batteries and work circuits, said switches being arranged to be acted upon by coils in said loop conductor.

25. In a system of electrical distribution for trains, a generator on one train unit, batteries and work circuits on other train units, conductors leading through the train from the generator, one of said conductors being a loop, a switch for each battery and work circuit, and coils acting upon said switches connected in said loop conductor.

26. In an electrical system of distribution, a plurality of train units, a storage apparatus and work circuit on each unit, a charging conductor extending through the various train units, a work circuit conductor extending through the various train units, return means therefor, a switch on each unit for determining the connections between the work circuit, storage apparatus and conductors, said switch being 0 erated upon by a coilresponsive to the tota currents from the batteries and work circuits.

27. In an electrical train lighting system, a plurality of train units, a battery and work circuit on each unit, a charging conductor extending through the various units, a work-circuit conductor extending through the various units, a switch on each unit for determining the connections between work circuit, battery and conductors thereof, a coil for regulating the operation of said switch, said coil being connected to the charging conductor so as to be responsive to variations in the charging voltage, and a second coil for regulating the operation of said switch responsive to current variations of the system as distinguished from voltage variations.

28. In an electrical train lighting system, a plurality of train units, a battery and work circuit on each unit, a charging conductor extending through the various units, a work circuit conductor extending through the various units, a switch on each unit for determining the connections between work circuit, battery and conductors thereof by connecting the battery either with the work circuit or charging conductor, a coil for regulating the operation of said switch, said coil being connected to the charging conductor so as to be responsive to variations in the charging voltage, and a second coil for regulating the operation of said switch responsive to current changes of the system as distinguished from voltage variations.

29. In an electrical train lighting system, a plurality of train units, a battery and work circuit on each unit, a charging conductor extending through the various units, a work circuit conductor extending through the various units, a switch on each unit for determining the connections between work circuit, battery and conductors thereof, a coil for regulating the operation of said switch, said coil being connected to the charging conductor so as to be responsive to variations in the charging voltage, and a second coil for regulating the operation of said switch, said second coil being arranged to carry a current which varies in direction responsive to changes in the direction of the battery current.

30. In an electrical system of distribution, a source of electrical energy, a plurality of train units, a work circuit and battery on each unit, a charging conductor extending through the various train units for conveying the charging current to the batteries, a

iconsumption conductor extending through the various train units for conveying current from the source to the various work circuits, a return loop conductor for completing the circuits to the source, a switch on each unit for connecting the battery neither .to the consumption circuit or to the charging circuit, a coil for regulating the operation of said switch, said coil being connected to the charging conductor so as to be-responsive to variations in the char 'ng voltage, and a second coil for regulating the operation of said switch, said second coil being ar- -chan gesin the rent and tendmg to operate said switch to 15 ranged to carrg a current responsive to lrection of the battery cur 

